Buying a home is most people's biggest financial commitment. It can be time-consuming, expensive and frustrating. To make matters worse, horror stories abound of gazumping, duff surveys and rogue estate agents. You can make the process smoother by equipping yourself with the right information.
The most you will be able to borrow is at the discretion of the lender. You could traditionally borrow up to three and-a-half times the main earner's income before tax, plus one times any second earner's income, or alternatively two-and-a-half times their joint incomes if this is larger.
Many lenders have thrown out these multiples in favour of 'affordability' measures. These also take into account additional costs, such as other debts or whether you have dependants. Childless couples will be offered more by some lenders and some banks and building societies will advance larger loans to professionals who they consider to have higher earning power in future years.
It's important not to get carried away, despite the large sums many lenders will now offer. Remember that interest rates can and do go up, so it's best not to go right up to these limits. Even if you opt for a fixed rate for security, this initial deal will come to an end and rates may be higher at that point.
Working out the costs
Buying a home will inevitably cost more than you think. The table below outlines the minimum you can expect to pay, including VAT where applicable. Figures will vary around the country. A rising cost for many home buyers is that of mortgage arrangement fees. Lenders offering the best rates can add more than £1,000 worth of fees to deals, or percentage of loan charges which can be very expensive. You will generally be offered the chance to add fees to a loan, this can be useful but be aware you will pay much more then the upfront cost of the fees as interest will be charged on the sum over the life of the mortgage.
You need to also be aware of your home's running costs. You will have to pay for buildings insurance, life insurance if you have a joint mortgage or dependants, contents insurance, gas and electricity bills, council tax and water rates, ground rent and perhaps service charges.
WHAT IT COSTS TO BUY A HOME
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Arranging the mortgage | from £200 up to £1,000 |
Legal fees | from £400 for selling and £500 for buying |
Land registry fee | £220 |
Other searches | from £70 |
In London | Around £200 |
Rest of England and Wales | Average £140 |
properties worth less than £125,000 | nothing |
properties worth from £125,001-£250,000 | 1% of purchase price |
properties worth more than £250,000 | 3% of purchase price |
Mortgage valuation survey | from £170 |
Homebuyer's survey | from £300 |
Full structural survey | from £400 |
Finding the right place
Once you have located a home you like, ask to see it again, and go round with someone you trust. Most people only take in a small amount of the property first time they see it.
On the second visit be methodical and take notes if you like. Don't be sidetracked by colour schemes or furnishings - these are superficial and can be changed. Instead check what state the kitchen and bathroom are in - a new kitchen or bathroom suite can cost thousands - and if there is central heating. Be aware that a house with no furniture can look deceptively large.
Ask the seller how much council tax bills are, and if there are any service charges.
From August 1, 2007, all houses for sale will require a home information pack. This will include information about title deeds, local authority searches, leasehold information if applicable, and a home energy assessment.
Once you are sure, it is time to put in an offer. The opening offer is crucial, so work out where you want to finish before you start. If the house is selling for £150,000 and you can afford to pay £140,000, offer £130,000.
If the bid is knocked back, add £1,000 more at a time until you reach an agreed price. If, however, you think the house is a steal or undervalued, or in a housing hotspot where several people could be after the property - act fast.
Say then and there that you want it, on condition that the seller takes the house off the market. This makes gazumping - when another buyer comes in with a higher offer - less likely. Say you'll buy it on condition that a survey is done. But don't let emotion get in the way. If you can't strike a deal at a price you want - walk away.
Finding a mortgage
Beware of estate agents who offer you financial services or agree to set up a mortgage for you. They will be tied to a life insurance or mortgage firm and will only be offering products from that company. They might not be suitable for you, and you'll also have to pay the salesman a hefty commission.
These days most mortgage lenders can agree a mortgage in principle over the phone. Some can do it over the internet. You supply bank details, employer's details and other documents later, which allows you to agree an offer with the seller and get moving on the next stages. Most lenders will charge on average £500 for setting up a mortgage, with higher fees for better rates and lower or no fees for their less value loans. Depending on the size of your loan, it may be worth choosing a high fee/low rate option. To compare costs work out the lonthly payment, multiply it by the length of the initial deal period and add fees.
Ask an expert
If you have a money question, consumer problem, or financial puzzler? Always ask an expert.
Solicitors and surveys
Next you need to find a solicitor to do the conveyancing. This means checking the legal aspects of the sale: that the seller has the legal right to sell the property, that no one has right of way over it and that there are no land disputes. Your solicitor will check the local authority searches and other information detailed in home information packs for homes sold after August 1 2007. Personal recommendation is the best way to find a firm.
Your mortgage company will also insist on a basic survey to check the value of the home. But it is advisable to have a more detailed survey conducted to find out whether your home has problems that could cost you thousands to put right in the future. For example subsidence, dry rot or a decaying roof.
There are three types of survey, starting with a mortgage valuation, which is the cheapest at around £150. This is a cursory affair and simply tells the lender that if you were to default on the payments it would be able to sell the property and get its money back. It won't spot major faults.
A homebuyer's survey is far more thorough and should reveal any serious defects. It will normally cost around £300-£400. It can even save you money, as one in four people who have a homebuyer's survey go back and renegotiate the price. Nearly half save money.
The third option is a full building survey, which goes into the condition of your property in even greater detail. This is recommended for older properties or unusually designed ones. It costs from £400 to £1,000. Be prepared for a lot of technical jargon in the survey, rather than any hint that you are making a brilliant buy.
If the survey suggests big problems, you could ask for the house price to be cut. But if it is okay, your lender should then be prepared to make you a formal mortgage offer.
You will, however, have a problem if the valuation is less than your offer. The maximum you can borrow may not be the same as what the lender will advance you. This is because the lender's valuation of the property may be less than the asking price. Unless you can persuade the seller to reduce the price, you will have to make up the shortfall.
The final steps
When contracts are exchanged between you and the seller - a process carried out by solicitors - both parties are committed to the deal. If you pull out, for whatever reason, you will lose your deposit. Conversely, the seller cannot accept a higher offer. This is also when the completion date - when you get the keys and can move in - is set. Most completion dates occur around a fortnight after exchange of contracts, if for some reason you need to move swiftly it is possible to exchange and complete on the same day, although solicitors prefer to avoid this.
Happy buying!